MTL - Into Unscientific-Chapter 448 There was a thunder on the flat ground, and Dr. Xiao Xu made his debut (

  Chapter 448 There was a thunder on the flat ground, Dr. Xiao Xu made his debut (Part 2)

  “.”

   Hearing Wei Teng's words.

  Xu Yun slightly clenched his fist with his right hand hanging by his side, and he was half relieved in his heart.

  Is there a specific discovery idea for the probability track?

   This is a relatively simple question, and it is also Xu Yun's most sure direction at present.

   After all, this is the foundation of the foundation. Academician Pan and the others had asked Xu Yun about this at the beginning—this is not something that can be fooled casually.

   Without a suitable logic, Xu Yun would have shown his chicken feet a few months ago.

   Then Xu Yun thought about it, took a deep breath, and said:

   "Mr. Witten, it's like this. The original cause of the whole thing can be traced back more than a year ago."

   "Just now. Well, Academician Pan introduced that I am currently studying for a Ph.D. in biology, and I am about to graduate with a master's degree in physics."

   "And the topic I did in my master's degree was the influence of the energy levels generated by the strong interaction of Σ hyperons."

   Hear this statement.

  Witten and many bigwigs at the scene subconsciously cooperated and nodded.

  Σ hyperon.

   This is one of the more mainstream hyperons at present, with a lifetime of 0.15 nanoseconds and a mass heavier than ordinary hyperons.

  It involves some theoretical fields of quantum chromodynamics, which is considered to be a relatively lively topic at present.

Of course.

  The excitement here is also relative.

  The Σsuper sub-topics that most people come into contact with are in the doctoral category, and being able to conduct research with a master's degree shows that Xu Yun's ability is not weak.

   Then Xu Yun paused, and continued:

   "It was an afternoon a few months ago. At that time, I was summarizing the cascade decay data of Σ hyperons in the library, and suddenly found a trace of a relatively special phase orbit, which was somewhat different from Σ hyperons in terms of eigenstates."

   "By the way, the provider of this data is the Yanjing Spectrometer III Cooperation Group, and the doi is doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04624-1."

   This time.

   There were smiles on the faces of several Chinese scholars in the audience.

  They are all members of the Yenching Spectrometer III cooperation group invited to come here this time. Although there is no academician to lead the team, they have produced many extremely high-quality results in recent years.

  For example, the data mentioned by Xu Yun.

  In June last year, they used the quantum correlation of the positive and negative hyperon pairs produced by electron-positron collisions to analyze some properties of parity and charge parity breaking in decay.

   This is currently the most accurate measurement in the world.

  Relying on this achievement, domestic particle physics has made many breakthroughs in the past four months-this is true, but some papers are still under review, and it may take some time before they are published.

   Then Xu Yun looked at Wei Teng and found that the other party did not interrupt his thoughts, so he said the rest of the words:

   "Later, I analyzed it with the aurora system of the Academy of Sciences, and found that it was somewhat similar to the 4685Λ hyperon observed by Academician Zhao not long ago."

   "So I optimized and simulated this orbital formula, replaced the Σ hyperon with the decay parameters of the Λ hyperon, and finally found that F=1, that is, there should be a new particle in the corresponding probability orbit."

  “.”

   Wei Teng in front of the stage heard the words, his eyes slanted upwards and thought for a few seconds, and he said softly:

   "Oh, I seem to understand."

   "Dr. Xu, you consider the discrete-time finite-state Markov chain, use the unique state to define the transition probability of each step, and make a σ field generated by a finite column set. Is that what you mean?"

  Xu Yun:

   "?????"

   Right now.

  There is only one thought in his mind:

  Witten must be a fool to write a novel!

  Because this guy summed up the content of 4,000 words in one sentence. Wrong, wrong, summed up Xu Yun's original thinking!

   No wonder many people now insist that Witten is just a mathematician, and his reaction in mathematics is too sharp.

   Actually.

   This is not the first time Weiteng has shown off his skills.

   Well known.

  In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, there is an equation called the Boltzmann equation.

   This is a partial differential equation describing the statistical behavior of thermodynamic systems, proposed in 1872.

   But not until 2010.

  This equation was proved by two professors of the University of Pennsylvania, PhilipT.Gressmann and RobertM.Strain, that his solution is well-behaved.

  At that time, the University of Pennsylvania compiled a paper of more than 120 pages and published it on the preprint website. It is expected that most people will spend three to five days before reading it.

  49 minutes after the publication of the results paper, Weiteng pointed out a small mistake about the sofic group on his personal social media.

   It was not until four days later that the mathematics community officially determined that there was indeed a problem with what Witten pointed out.

   Fortunately, this error and omission has little to do with the final result, so two weeks later Penn republished a new article, which is the final paper confirming the Boltzmann equation.

  Compared to today's show off, the difficulty of that time was even higher.

   Then Wei Teng thought about it, and asked Xu Yun:

   "Dr. Xu, when you calculate this probability orbital formula, what is the spin of the two-photon final state? 2 or 3/2?"

  Xu Yun did not hesitate much, and said affirmatively:

   "It is 2."

   "What about the expected background?"

  Xu Yun thought for a little longer this time, and he used his index finger to draw a curved line in the air with a high left and a low right:

   "3.2fb^-1 early, the final approximation is 3.224 or 3.226 I can't remember clearly."

  Witten suddenly rolled his eyes.

  Actually, don’t look at Wei Teng’s previous words, which are quite mysterious, all Pluto and Neptune have come out.

  Actually, from Wei Teng's expression after he interrupted Academician Pan, it is not difficult to see that he is not very sure that the 'Pluto' particle really exists.

  The reason why he stood up at this time was because he had indeed discovered some problems in mathematics.

  Secondly, it is

  During the previous data calculation process, a guess suddenly popped up in his mind.

  A guess that made him prefer to risk offending the Chinese Academy of Sciences to "tear down the stage".

  An outrageous guess that was so outrageous that he didn't dare to directly state it given his current status.

   And now following Xu Yun's words.

  The confidence in Wei Teng's heart has increased by another two centimeters

   Exactly at this time.

  On the screen behind Academician Pan, the probability orbit formula calculated by Xu Yun and some related data were also displayed.

  F(t):=N(t)/N(0)=e^(-t/π).

  N=N(0)[hexp(-λt)+hexp(-λt)+...hnexp(-λnt)].

  y(xn+1)y(xn)/h≈f.

   After the formula appears.

  Witten also quickly understood some inner meanings of the formula.

   For example, the ":=" is a definition symbol, which means that the thing on the right is defined as the thing on the left.

   That is, Xu Yun gave F(t) a physical meaning:

  The probability that an atom is still alive (not decaying) at time t.

N=N(0)[hexp(-λt)+hexp(-λt)+…hnexp(-λnt)] This formula describes how many atoms are left at time t, as long as the number of remaining atoms is compared with the original The total number of atoms can be extended to smaller particles.

   at the same time as the formula appears.

  Including Mr. Yang next to Weiteng, many bigwigs at the scene picked up paper and pens by coincidence, and began to calculate the relevant data of flux values ​​and index mapping generators.

   Indeed.

  The human brain is inferior to the machine in calculations of this magnitude, so the accuracy of their written calculations must be far lower than the results of sophisticated instruments and super-calculations.

   But don't forget.

  In fact, they don't need to calculate the exact value, but just need to confirm Witten's statement.

   That is, it is only necessary to analyze whether these two values ​​are as Witten said, one is too large and the other is too small.

   In this way.

   The difficulty will be much smaller.

soon.

   Swish Swish Swish—

   There were waves of fingertips slicing the counting paper.

Of course.

   While many bigwigs were concentrating on it, those media people and the audience in the live broadcast room were relatively tormented.

  On the one hand, they are eager to know the accuracy of Weiteng's guess, but on the other hand, because of the direction, they can only watch those big shots laughing.

   Few people's distress.jpg.

that's it.

   About ten minutes passed.

  Thought, who was also sitting in the first row and two seats beside Witten, stopped writing first.

   Mentioned before.

  Mr. Yang, Te Hooft, Glashow who is now being rescued in the ICU, and Weinberg who passed away are the four kings of modern physics recognized internationally.

  Many fans of each of them think that they are the first person in physics today, and Lily's brain is about to come out of the frequent beating.

   And among these four people.

   Glashow and Weinberg are good at physical intuition and taste, that is, divergent thinking, that is, wild but accurate guesses.

  Yang Lao is good at mathematical framework, that is, introducing new mathematical concepts and methods to solve problems.

  Thooft is good at arithmetic, discovering and solving problems through calculations and details.

  This is very similar to his brother Peter Van Niuwenhuizeng.

  So compared to Elder Yang, Te Hooft's time to get the result will naturally be a little faster.

   Then another two minutes passed.

  Elder Yang also let out a small sigh, and drew a horizontal line under a certain result with a ballpoint pen.

  See this scenario.

  Thooft could not help but whisper to Old Yang:

   "Yang, what's the result of your calculation?"

  Lao Yang did not keep the results secret, but he gently pushed the arithmetic paper towards Te Hooft:

   "The value of flux is about 30% larger, and the generator of exponential mapping is an order of magnitude smaller. What about you?"

  Terhooft glanced at Witten not far away:

   "The specific value is somewhat different from yours, but it can be regarded as an interval—after all, we are not computer calculations."

  Old Yang nodded slightly, a rare hint of curiosity appeared on his sluggish face after sitting for several hours.

  Mr. Yang himself and Te Hooft are both top leaders in the industry. They were active in the age, not to mention super-calculated, and the functions of ordinary computers were still relatively limited.

  So in terms of computing skills, they can completely beat all of today's rare classmates.

  If there is a problem with a certain person's result, there may be some calculation errors.

  Then when two people have the same result and are in an approximate interval, this possibility is very low.

   In other words.

  The value of flux and the generator of index mapping are probably indeed abnormal. One is too large and the other is too small. Weiteng's judgment is correct.

   However, these two sets of data were able to discover dark matter when they did not meet the theoretical values

   Right now.

   Lu Chaoyang, who also calculated the result, suddenly had a story in his mind.

   That is a certain chapter in "The Legend of the Cervical Spine of the First Grade Primary School Students Serialized for Twenty-eight Years". Its animated version is also one of the childhood shadows of many people:

  At that time, Shinigami primary school students and a few classmates went to the library to read books. When they got on the elevator, they suddenly found that the elevator should not be overloaded, and suddenly there was an overload warning.

  But there is no problem with the induction device of the elevator itself, so the problem is naturally the elevator itself—later Conan and others found a corpse lying on the top of the elevator, and the corpse became the invisible overloaded person.

  How similar is the current result to the plot of the elementary school student of Death?

  Dark matter actually exists, but the value of flux and the generator of index mapping show "overload".

  So in a certain orbit, there may really be an invisible 'overload passenger'.

   But the problem is

  How can I find this passenger?

  Academician Pan was obviously aware of this problem, so after most of the participants put down their pens, he couldn't help looking at Weiteng:

  "Mr. Weiteng, since you believe that there is an unknown particle around the Pangu particle, do you have any practical ideas to prove its existence?"

  Academician Pan’s words actually have another meaning:

  Today is a physics conference. Mathematics can be used to prove or deny, but if it is used in proof, other stronger evidence is needed.

   Just considering that Witten has been criticized because of M-theory in recent years, Academician Pan still took it easy and didn't make it clear.

  However, as a bigwig with a top IQ, Wei Teng naturally will not fail to understand the potential significance of Academician Pan.

   So he nodded quickly:

   "Yes, but I need a little help."

"Please say."

   "First of all, you need paper, pen, and an operating system with an English interface that can calculate probability matrices."

  Academician Pan waited for a few seconds after hearing the words, and then nodded after hearing Hou Xingyuan's answer:

"no problem."

  While the appearance of Witten disrupted the original plan of the Academy of Sciences, the content he involved has nothing to do with the results of dark matter, or it will not affect the status of dark matter at all.

  Even if it proves to be a failure in the end, it will not be the Academy of Sciences who will be ashamed.

  And if Witten's proof can be successful, all he relies on is the data from the Academy of Sciences.

   At that time, the popularity may be divided by Weiteng, but the benefits for the Academy of Sciences will only be greater.

   This is a business that can make a profit without losing money, so Hou Xingyuan naturally doesn't have such a big burden.

   As for Weiteng's request?

   It’s really not very high, not to mention pen and paper. At present, most operating systems in China have the function of switching between Chinese and English.

   It will take at most ten minutes, and the resources needed by Weiteng will be ready.

  The result was just when Academician Pan was about to watch the play with his arms folded.

  Witten suddenly remembered something, and patted his head lightly:

   "By the way, Mr. Pan, I have one more request."

"any request?"

  Witeng turned around and pointed at Xu Yun who was still standing:

   "I want Dr. Xu to help me, after all. He is the discoverer of the orbit of the Pangu particle."

Note:

  The free episode has been released. On the WeChat official account, search for 'novice angler' to read for free. (To emphasize again, this is the beginning of a new book written a few months ago, and it was issued as a benefit for the Spring Festival, not to cut the book or open it in double. In the case of the elderly at home, I can hardly open it alone.)

  (end of this chapter)