MTL - The Science Fiction World of Xueba-Chapter 493 Superconducting era

All these controversies have been broken with the publication of the 10 latest issues of "Exploration" in 2022.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Early in the morning, Pablo Jarillo Herrero came to his laboratory in the Department of Electrical Engineering at MIT.

As the winner of the 2020 Wolf Prize in Physics, Herrero is famous for discovering the superconducting phenomenon of twisted graphene.

Cao Yuan, who has returned to China and taught at the University of Science and Technology of China, is the student he brought out. Cao Yuan played a key role in the experiment that discovered the phenomenon of distorted graphene superconductivity.

But the leader is Herrero himself.

Even for this discovery, Herrero also won the 2020 Wolf Prize in Physics.

It is a pity that since Cao Yuan returned to China, the research on graphene superconductivity has fallen into a low tide in the past two years. Both the Cao Yuan team and Herrero ’s own team have not made progress for a long time.

Until three months ago, Peng Xuelin's paper on the new theory of superconductivity suddenly awakened Herrero.

Although Pang Xuelin's theory has only a pure mathematical model, according to the results given by this model, Herrero realizes that the room temperature superconductor that the scientific community has been looking for may be falling on two-dimensional superconducting materials.

With this in mind, is there a more suitable superconducting material than two-dimensional graphene?

Therefore, in the past three months, Herrero and his team have been devoted to the study of Pang Xuelin's paper, trying to build a full-scale graphene room temperature two-dimensional superconducting material on the basis of this paper.

But this kind of work is very difficult. They have tried many methods, but the superconducting transition temperature of graphene has never been able to rise, and even failed to rise from the temperature of liquid helium to the temperature of liquid nitrogen.

But this is no way.

Sometimes doing this in scientific research is a constant trial and error process. Maybe you spend a lot of time and energy, but you may get nothing.

In fact, not only did the Herrero team find nothing, hundreds of teams around the world did similar work, but they never found the ideal room temperature superconductor.

Herrero originally wanted to contact his students to see what progress Cao Yuan had made.

It's just strange that no matter whether it's sending an email to Cao Yuan's mailbox or calling the phone he left behind, he hasn't been able to contact Cao Yuan.

The Chinese University of Science and Technology reported that Cao Yuan went to the Qiantang laboratory to participate in a cooperative project, and may not be able to return in a short time.

This made Herrero uneasy.

Cao Yuan went to the Qiantang laboratory, and he immediately thought of Pang Xuelin.

In fact, in the first half of this year, Qiantang Lab had sent an invitation to Herrero, hoping that Herrero could join in.

It was just rejected by Herrero.

This is not because of Herrero ’s patriotism.

Herrero is Spanish and has spent more than ten years in the United States, and she has not yet joined American citizenship.

He was purely because he was doing well at MIT. Whether it was treatment or research funding, he belonged to the top group.

Under such circumstances, he would naturally not want to go to China to start a new adventure.

But he never thought that Pang Xuelin suddenly became interested in superconducting theory, and successfully unified the superconducting theories of various schools through mathematical means, forming a new set of theoretical systems.

Moreover, after this, his disciple Cao Yuan and Pang Xuelin even got together.

Herrero is very aware of Cao Yuan's level.

Also a teenager, Cao Yuan is a very good experimental physicist. Coupled with the research and immersion in the field of two-dimensional graphene materials for many years, Herrero is hard to imagine. Once Cao Yuan and Pang Xuelin cooperated, the two , What kind of chemical reaction will happen in the end.

Until today, this worry has been in Herrero's heart.

Until his student Asker held a newly published "Exploration" magazine, hurriedly entered the laboratory.

"Guys, the latest news, the team of Pang Xuelin, Cao Yuan, and Li Changqing of the Qiantang Laboratory discovered a superconducting material with a transition temperature of up to 353K under normal pressure!"

"what?"

The laboratory boiled all at once.

More than a dozen doctors and postdoctors of Herrero gathered together in an instant and watched the latest issue of the cover paper of the "Exploration" exploration magazine around Asker.

Which naturally includes Herrero.

"How can the superconducting transition temperature of 353K be possible?"

"Under the conditions of 353K, ordinary two-dimensional materials simply cannot exist normally."

"According to Pang Xuelin's theoretical calculations, there are indeed superconducting materials of this transition temperature, but other conditions will become very strict."

"Will this material exist in the real world?"

...

There was a lot of discussion.

But this kind of argument, as Axe opened the "Exploration" magazine, after entering the text, suddenly silenced.

"It turned out to be multi-walled carbon nanotubes !!!"

Herrero looked at the multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the magazine. After the layers of carbon tubes curled up, a new two-dimensional interface was formed, and Herrero reacted instantly.

Two-dimensional graphene has a low transition temperature. According to calculations, in addition to forming a special angle between graphene, the distance between each carbon atom also has very high requirements.

In the past three months, including the Herrero team, hundreds of teams around the world have proposed thousands of solutions, but no one solution is feasible.

Herrero never thought that after Pang Xuelin and Cao Yuan team really got this material out, it was so simple.

Asker muttered to himself: "Why didn't we think of it ?!"

Another student, Joanna, said: "Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are indeed not more suitable than this material. At the micro level, it has the characteristics of two-dimensional materials. At the macro level, it has formed many more Hierarchical three-dimensional structure, this material is too perfect. If we can think of this material earlier, I am afraid ... "

Before Joanna finished, Herrero shook her head: "It's useless even if we think about it in advance."

"It's useless to think in advance, why?"

Joanna looked at Herrero.

Other students also focused on Herrero.

Herrero smiled bitterly: "There are hundreds of teams around the world. I'm sure that more than one team of Pang Xuelin thought that this material might have room temperature superconductors. But why did the team of Pang Xuelin succeed?"

"why?"

Herero smiled bitterly: "The current commonly used methods for preparing carbon nanotubes mainly include chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge, pyrolytic polymer, gas combustion and laser vapor, etc. Carbon nanotubes prepared by this method Tubes are often of low purity, and single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes of various sizes are mixed together. In this case, you want to find multi-walled carbon nanotubes that meet our requirements. Is it difficult? "

Joanna and others nodded involuntarily.

Hearing Herrero say this, they understood the difficulty at once.

Asker said: "I know, Professor, should you be talking about flying blade materials?"

"What flying blade material?"

Joanna curious.

Asker said: "In the past few months, you have been studying the paper by Pang Xuelin, and you may not pay much attention to the news in the material industry. Just two months ago, in the second issue of" Exploration "magazine, the Qiantang laboratory invention was reported. A carbon fiber material composed of ultra-long single-walled carbon nanotubes is called a flying blade material. It is said that the strength of this material is more than ten times that of T1000 carbon fiber material, and the toughness is more than 100 times that of steel , Called the strongest material in the world. "

Joanna's face was shocked, and she said, "Asker, what kind of material did you say, was it made by Professor Pang?"

Asker nodded and smiled bitterly: "So far, the material science community has not yet understood how this material is made. It is said that the length of their single-walled carbon nanotubes has reached the kilometer level, and there are almost no defects in the middle. Thousands combined with this kind of single-walled carbon nanotubes to form a flying blade material with thick hair ... you think about it, since Qiantang Lab can make this flying blade material, for them, it is Is it not so difficult to produce multi-wall carbon nanotubes that meet the requirements? "

After such an explanation by Asker, Joanna and others suddenly came back.

Joanna couldn't help but exclaim: "Professor Herrero, if there is nothing wrong with this achievement, does that mean that next year's Nobel Prize in Physics will be the stuff of Professor Pang?"

Herrero nodded and smiled bitterly: "I am afraid that is the case. Your brother Cao Yuan is one of the three corresponding authors of this paper. I am afraid that the probability of his winning the Nobel Prize is also not low."

For a time, the entire laboratory fell into silence.

At the same time, the same scene occurred in thousands of similar laboratories around the world.

Almost everyone was shocked by the latest achievement of Qiantang Lab.

Although as early as a few months ago, Pang Xuelin proposed a new superconducting theory system.

But no matter how optimistic Pang Xuelin is, no one can think of it. In just over three months, Pang Xuelin and his team actually made a room temperature superconductor.

This is the achievement across the ages since the discovery of superconducting materials by Dutch physicist Heike Kamelin Annes in 1911.

Historically, countless physicists have tried to increase the superconducting transition temperature to above 300K. The best thing they have done is the 253K made by the Germans, which was formed under the conditions of millions of atmospheres.

This can't be compared with Pang Xuelin's achievements.

While the physics community and the material science community are boiling, the major media in the world are boiling again.

Xinhua News Agency: "At two o'clock in the morning of Capital Time, the superconducting materials research and development team led by Professor Pang Xuelin officially published a new superconducting materials paper in the fourth issue of" Exploration "magazine. In this paper, the Pang Xuelin team succeeded Found the superconducting material under the condition of 353K. The appearance of this superconducting material will be an epoch-making progress for the entire scientific community and industry ... "

Agence France-Presse: "Pang Xuelin's team has created another miracle. Chinese talented scientists have successfully found new materials that exhibit superconductivity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This discovery is expected to change the global industrial ecology and have a future impact on rail transportation, power facilities, and electrical automation industries And aerospace and other fields have a very significant impact ... "

Kyodo News: "After the era of lithium-air batteries, the era of superconductivity is coming. Pang Xuelin, a Chinese national treasure scientist, once again leads the era, he will surely become one of the greatest scientists in human history!"

Reuters: "There is no language that can make our Pang Xuelin's amazing achievements. The emergence of new superconducting materials will once again promote China to continue to lead the new technological revolution. In the current decline of the Anglo-Saxon nation, the far east , An ancient nation is rising ... "

The Associated Press: "After missing the lithium-air battery revolution, will we continue to miss the superconducting revolution? The answer seems to be self-evident, as long as the young man is still in China, it seems difficult for us to see the hope of catching up in the future ... "

...

Compared with the trend in the media, domestic public opinion seems to be much calmer.

Even sand sculpture netizens, the reaction seemed calm.

"Why haven't I felt much surprise with this news? Haha, I seem to be used to it!"

"Professor Pang has achieved results again? Professor Pang is making headlines again? Our technology is going to improve again? Huh, why should I say it again?"

"Haha, let me just say, when Professor Pang came up with the superconducting theory three months ago, I felt that superconducting materials might have to break through, and the academic world is still arguing, which is arguable. When did Professor Pang disappoint us? "

"Lithium-air battery, flying blade material, room temperature superconducting material, is this the next fusion reactor?"

"I just started a BYD Golden Dragon battery car today. It ’s really fragrant ... The superconducting material at room temperature appears, and the superconducting machine should be used next. But what I am most looking forward to is the next high-speed rail upgrade, this superconducting As long as the materials can be industrialized, the legendary vacuum pipeline magnetic levitation train seems to be no longer a problem, and I feel more and more looking forward to the future ... "

"Remember the electromagnetic catapult space launch system project that exploded in the second half of last year? At that time, many people still vowed that this was not reliable and that it was not reliable, how long it took before the flying blade material came out, and the superconducting material came out UU reading www.uukanshu.com What's next? Apart from the high-power power supply (capacitor), at the theoretical level, there are no insurmountable problems, the rest is purely an engineering problem! "

...

Compared with the new technological revolution that superconducting materials can bring, more people have focused their attention on the Nobel Prize in Physics.

"Professor Pang Xuelin just won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry last year. Maybe the Nobel Prize in Physics next year will be Professor Pang's bag ?!"

"Unsurprisingly, this should be the case. The Fields Prize, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Nobel Prize in Physics, and the top three top prizes are added. Professor Pang can fly into a god!"

"You said that if this continues, Pang Shen can surpass Einstein?"

"For now, it's enough to surpass Einstein. After all, Pang Shen has all the achievements at the application level except for the achievements in mathematics. Even the superconducting theory involves not many basic physics. If Newton and Einstein are in the same class, Professor Pang should be enough to be in the forefront of the second echelon! "

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