MTL - Bringing the Supermarket to the Apocalypse-Chapter 414 Energy (1)

The moon, the moon, and the moon in the last days are produced from the underground world according to Fan Bin. The end of the moon has a very important position in the world. From Lin Feng, the energy component of the moon is the energy that can store energy and reflect energy. After the material composition, Lin Feng knows that there may be other secrets in this world. These secrets can help Lin Feng enhance his energy.

Energy is a measure of the extent to which the spatiotemporal distribution of mass can vary, and is used to characterize the ability of a physical system to perform work. In the end times and in the original world, it has been proved that there is a mutual transformation between matter and energy.

Energy exists in many different forms; according to the different forms of motion of matter, energy can be divided into mechanical energy, chemical energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, radiant energy, nuclear energy, light energy, tidal energy, and so on. These different forms of energy can be transformed into each other by physical or chemical reactions. Various fields also have energy.

Corresponding to the various forms of motion of matter, energy also has various forms, which can be converted to each other in a certain way.

In the thermal phenomenon, it is the internal energy of the system. It is the kinetic energy of the irregular motion of each molecule in the system, the potential energy of the intermolecular interaction, the sum of the energy in the atom and the nucleus, but does not include the mechanical energy of the overall motion of the system.

The spatial attribute is the extensive manifestation of the movement of matter; the time attribute is the continuous embodiment of the material movement; the gravitational attribute is the embodiment of the interaction caused by the uneven distribution of mass during the movement process; the electromagnetic property is the process of the charged particle in motion and change. External performance, etc. There are many forms of movement of matter, and each specific form of material movement has a corresponding form of energy.

The energy form corresponding to the mechanical motion of macroscopic objects is kinetic energy; the energy form corresponding to molecular motion is thermal energy; the energy form corresponding to atomic motion is chemical energy; the energy form corresponding to directional motion of charged particles is electrical energy; the energy form corresponding to photon motion is Light energy, and so on. In addition to these, there are wind energy, tidal energy and so on. When the form of motion is the same, the motion characteristics of the object can be described by some physical quantity or chemical quantity. The mechanical motion of an object can be described by physical quantities such as velocity, acceleration, and momentum; the current can be described by physical quantities such as current intensity, voltage, and power. However, if the forms of motion are different, the only physical quantity that can be described and compared with each other is the energy, which is the common characteristic of all moving substances.

Energy can be stored in a system without being expressed as matter, kinetic energy or electromagnetic energy. When a particle moves a distance in a field with which it interacts (by an external force to move), the energy required for the particle to move to the new position of the field is stored. Of course, the particles must be held in a new position by external force, otherwise the field in which they are located will return the particles to their original state by pushing or pulling. This energy stored by the particle changing its position in the force field is called the potential energy (potential energy). A simple example is the ability to raise an object up to a certain height in the gravitational field to be the potential energy (potential energy).

Any form of energy can be converted into another form. For example, when an object moves freely to a different position in the force field, the potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy. When energy is in the form of non-thermal energy, its efficiency in converting it into other kinds of energy can be very high or even a perfect conversion, including the generation of electricity or new material particles. However, if it is thermal energy, when it is converted into another form, as described in the second law of thermodynamics, there is always a limit on conversion efficiency.

In all energy conversion processes, the total energy remains the same, because the energy of the total system is the transfer of energy between the systems. When energy is lost from one system, there must be another system to get the lost energy. , leading to loss and gaining a balance, so the total energy does not change.

Although the total energy of a system does not change over time, the value of its energy may vary depending on the reference frame. For example, a passenger sitting in an airplane has zero kinetic energy relative to the aircraft; but compared to the Earth, the kinetic energy is not zero, nor can it be compared with the Earth with separate momentum.

According to the kinetic energy theorem, if the moving object is decelerated and slowed down until it stops, the object will work on the obstacle. The amount of work done is equal to the amount of original kinetic energy of the object. Therefore, it can be said that kinetic energy is the functional force that an object has due to motion. For example, a high-speed flying gun has kinetic energy, so it can penetrate the steel plate to work on the steel plate; the hammer on the forging has kinetic energy, so it can work on the forging and deform it.

The energy released or absorbed by a chemical change (chemical reaction). The essence is the change of the outer electrons of the atom, which leads to the energy released by the change of the electron binding energy. The positive and negative electrons are not photons, and the energy of the electrons is converted into photons.

The kinetic energy of the thermal motion of atomic molecules inside a substance, the higher the thermal energy contained in a substance with a higher temperature. A heat engine is an expanding water vapor that turns its heat into the kinetic energy of a heat engine.

The binding energy of the nuclear core, which can be released into the kinetic energy of the reaction product in the nuclear fission or fusion reaction. Therefore, energy is also present when the object is stationary. The energy and quality of matter are closely related. The mass of the nucleus is smaller than the total mass of the nucleus that makes up it, that is, when the free nucleus is combined into a nucleus, energy is released. This energy is called the binding energy of the nucleus. The heavy nucleus that is lower than the binding energy (the average binding energy per nucleus in the nucleus) becomes a lighter nucleus with higher binding energy, or several light nucleuses with lower binding energy are aggregated into a heavier nucleus with higher binding energy. The energy released is atomic energy.

According to a large number of experiments, the law of conservation of energy is confirmed, that is, when the energy of different forms is converted to each other, the magnitude is conserved. The Joule thermodynamic equivalent experiment is a well-known experiment for early confirmation of the law of conservation of energy, and then the first law of thermodynamics for energy conversion and conservation is established in the macroscopic field. The Compton effect confirms that the law of conservation of energy is still correct in the microscopic world, and then gradually realizes that the law of conservation of energy is determined by time-translational invariance, making it a universal law in physics (see Symmetry and Conservation Law). In a closed mechanical system, mechanical energy is conserved if there is no mechanical energy to convert between other forms of energy. The law of conservation of mechanical energy is a special case of the law of conservation of energy.